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Nanputuo
Temple
Nanputuo
temple, right outside the #1 Bus terminus and Xiamen University
old gate, sprawls across the Five Old Man Mountains like a Chinese
miniature landscape on steroids. The complex¡¯s original structures
were built over 1,000 years ago, during the Tang Dynasty, and now
include the Heavenly Emperor Palace, the Grand Majestic Treasure
Palace, the Buddhist Scripture Pavilion, and the Great Benevolent
Ticket Seller.
NanPutou ("Nan"
means "south", and "Putuo" is one of China¡¯s
four sacred mountains, up in Zhejiang) is home to a few hundred
monks - and a few hundred statues as well, like the Reverend Three
- Life - Cycle Budda, the Four Heavenly Kings, the Eighteen Arhats,
and the Bodhisattva (Thousand Handed Guanyin).
I`d sure hate
to buy gloves for her.
The first statue
you find on entering Nanputuo is that of Maitreya, who in China
is called Mi - Lo - FU, the pot - bellied "god of wealth."
The Buddhist Sutras say Sakyamuni, the first Buddha, will rule for
10,000 years. When international morality reaches a high level (like
the Spice Girls entering a nunnery), Buddhism will die out. Eight
million years later, Maitreya will come to preach.
Let¡¯s hope his
sermons are shorter than his prelude.
Maitreyas last
incarnation, supposedly, was 1,000 years ago, as the Linen - Bag
Monk of Zhejiang Province. He traveled nonstop, preaching to all
and sundry, free from cares and smiling in all circumstances. He
believed that he was Maitreya incarnate, and so did everyone else
- at least after he died.
Behind Nan Putuo¡¯s
Maitreya statue stands Wei Tuo, the deity responsible for safeguarding
the tow pillars of most religions: doctrine and finance. And Wei
Tuo¡¯s staff is the reason Nanputuo has attracted millions of pilgrims
over the past 1,000 years.
Tradition has
it that when Wei Tuo holds his staff horizontally in his arms, he¡¯s
suggesting, "Try elsewhere." But at Nanputuo, Wei Tuo¡¯s
staff is aimed at the ground, indication the temple is wealthy and
offers both room and board. So pilgrims pack in by the hundreds
of thousands. And happily for Wei Tuo, they leave their millions
behind.
Nanputuo has
more pilgrims than Wei Tuo can shake a staff at, busily sacrificing
paper houses, paper furniture, paper cars, even paper microwaves,
all to be used by ancestors in the afterlife. They also burn stacks
of 'hell money.' With each banknote worth a 100 Million Dollars
or so, one stack might easily represent Bill Gate¡¯s fortune, yet
they are printed on the cheapest paper and sold for a pittance by
hawkers outside the temple. The reasoning is that in the underworld,
demons and deities can¡¯t tell real money from counterfeit.
It probably
makes for some hellish inflation down there.
Demons, deities
and dead ancestors get the short end of Wei Tuo¡¯s stick not just
with money but with edibles as well. Many a peasant will offer rice
or choice fruits in a 15" basket that has a 12" false
bottom, because the folks down below don¡¯t know the difference.
So day and night,
clouds of smoke rise from Nan Putuo¡¯s eternal offerings. But I suspect
the smoke itself is more symbolic than the offerings, given that
China has 300 million smokers. If they use paper houses and microwaves
in the next life, why not smoke too?
Though given
that Buddhism has 84,136 hells, I¡¯m not sure of they are smoking
or being smoked. Evidently the monks aren¡¯t sure either.
Nanputuo¡¯s South
Fujian Buddhist Institute was established in 1925, and now has over
100 undergraduate students who burn their Buddhist candles at both
ends poring over the Scripture Hall¡¯s tens of thousands of Buddhist
scriptures. I asked one of these budding Buddhist scholars, "Who
goes to Buddhism¡¯s 84,136 hells?"
He said, "Anyone
who does anything wrong." He paused, thought about it, and
added with a wry smile, "I guess everyone."
Encouraging
outlook. "Then who goes to heaven?" I asked.
He thought some
more, then said, "Just a minute." He pushed his Gandhi
spectacles back up on his nose, and flipped through pages of a massive,
musty volume for a good ten minutes, the said, "No one has
ever asked me that. I¡¯ll have to get back to you."
Nanputuo¡¯s monks
may not be much on heaven, but they certainly offer some heavenly
cuisine! A set fee in their famous vegetarian restaurant will land
you tasty dishes of vegetarian "meats," fungi, and vegetables
- culinary creations with names like "Half Moon Sinking Down
the River," "Treasure Hidden in Scented Clay," "Golden
Lotus in the South Sea," or "Two Mushrooms Competing for
Beauty."
If you decipher
that menu, let me in on it.
On your way
out of Nan Putuo Temple, you can stop off at the gift shop and pick
up some chant cassettes, glow - in - the - dark plastic Buddhas,
or carved wooden rosaries. Unlike American religious merchandising,
there isn¡¯t any "suggested love offering," or tax deductible
receipt. But given the state of economic affairs down below, you
can just add a few zeros to your receipt and make an outlandish
deduction after you die. They¡¯ll never know the difference.
The real excitement
at Nan Putuo is not inside the monastery but outside its massive
gates, where street vendors cry, "Candied crab apples on a
stick!" and "Fresh sliced pineapple!" and "Tea
eggs 3 mao (cents) each or 2.50 a jin" (a jin is about 1.1pounds).
Shoe repairpersons from fat off Sichuan resurrect weary pilgrims;
weary soles with glue and thread, and Tong An peasants puff rice
with a coal-fired cast iron contraption that goes off like a cannon
every few minutes. The liveliest trade, of course, is in the Buddhist
paraphernalia incense sticks, candles, and "Hell Band Notes."
There¡¯s also
another trade that strikes me as a bit fishy
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